Original text:<\/p>\n
No measure is perfect, but the estimates of value-added and other \u201cgrowth models,\u201d which attempt to isolate the \u201ctrue effect\u201d of an individual teacher through his or her students\u2019 test scores, are alarmingly error-prone in any given year. Sean Corcoran, an economist at New York University, studied the teacher evaluation systems in New York City and Houston. He found that the average \u201cmargin of error\u201d of a New York City teacher was plus or minus 28 points. So, a teachers who has ranked at the 43rd percentile compared to his or her peers might actually be anywhere between the 15th percentile and the 71st percentile. The value-added scores also fluctuate between years. A teacher who gets a particular ranking in year one is likely to get a different ranking the next year. There will always be instability in these rankings, some of which will reflect \u201creal\u201d performance changes. But it is difficult to trust any performance rating if the odds of getting the same rating next year are no better than a coin toss.Original source:\u00a0Diane Ravitch, The Death and Life of the Great American School System. <\/em>New York: Basic Books, 2011, pp. 270-71.<\/p>\n Example 1: Plagiarize the original text by copying portions of it word-for-word<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Sean Corcoran, an economist from New York University, studied the teacher evaluation programs in New York City and Houston. He found that the average \u201cmargin of error\u201d of a New York City teacher was about 28 points.<\/em><\/p>\n Example 2: Plagiarize the original text by paraphrasing its structure too closely, without copying it word-for-word.<\/strong><\/p>\n It is difficult to trust any performance rating if the chances of getting a similar rating next year are no better than rolling a dice.<\/em><\/p>\n Example 3: Plagiarize the original text by paraphrasing its structure too closely, and include a citation. Even though you cited it, paraphrasing too closely is still plagiarism.<\/strong><\/p>\n A teacher who gets a\u00a0certain ranking at one point in their career\u00a0may\u00a0be more prone to recieve a different\u00a0score the next year. (Ravitch, 270)<\/em><\/p>\n Example 4: Properly paraphrase from the original text by restating the author\u2019s ideas in different words and phrases, and include a citation to the original source.<\/strong><\/p>\n “It may be troublesome to fully trust any performance\u00a0evaluation if recieving a similar\u00a0performance evaluation the following year is merely a task of probability.” (Ravitch, 270)<\/em><\/p>\n Example 5: Properly paraphrase from the original text by restating the author\u2019s ideas in different words and phrases, add a direct quote, and include a citation to the original source.<\/strong><\/p>\n Dr. Sean Corcoran, a graduate of University of Maryland at College Park (Economics)\u00a0and current researcher at NYU studied the\u00a0systems\u00a0of evaluating teachers in both New York State and Texas, “He found that the average \u201cmargin of error\u201d of a New York City teacher was plus or minus 28 points…”<\/em><\/p>\n Diane Ravitch goes on to explain this phenomenon further:<\/em><\/p>\n “So, a teachers who has ranked at the 43rd percentile compared to his or her peers might actually be anywhere between the 15th percentile and the 71st percentile. The value-added scores also fluctuate between years. A teacher who gets a particular ranking in year one is likely to get a different ranking the next year…” (Ravitch, 270)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Original text: No measure is perfect, but the estimates of value-added and other \u201cgrowth models,\u201d which attempt to isolate the \u201ctrue effect\u201d of an individual teacher through his or her students\u2019 test scores, are alarmingly error-prone in any given year. Sean Corcoran, an economist at New York University, studied the teacher evaluation systems in New … Continue reading AVOID PLAGARISM!<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[17],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3434"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/91"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3434"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3440,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3434\/revisions\/3440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}