November 1967<\/p>\n
Situations Requiring Different Types of Exploratory Ocular Behavior<\/strong><\/p>\n J. J. Gibson, Cornell University<\/p>\n \n (Some of the different types of scanning<\/u> an optic array. A preliminary draft.)<\/p>\n I. The ambient array from the environment<\/p>\n \u2014 ordinary “looking around” (e.g. after entering an unfamiliar room)<\/p>\n \u2014 the looking around of a mountain climber after reaching the summit<\/p>\n \u2014 the observation of the night sky for “celestial objects” and their groupings<\/p>\n II. The ambient array with respect to its occlusion<\/u> information<\/p>\n \u2014 searching for a hidden<\/u> object, or a mislaid<\/u> (“lost”) object in a familiar environment (child’s game).<\/p>\n \u2014 searching for a hiding place<\/u> in an environment (place where a thing would be occluded from<\/u> view). This could be adapted for an experiment with children of different ages.<\/p>\n III. The polarized regions of the array at the side of a highway<\/p>\n \u2014 looking “both ways” before a pedestrian crosses a street with automobile traffic (skill in which children must be trained).<\/p>\n IV. The expanding array with respect to goal<\/u> and obstacles<\/u><\/p>\n \u2014 the type of looking required for the guidance of locomotion<\/u> (keeping the focus of expansion of the optic array away<\/u> from the patches that specify obstacles).<\/p>\n \u2014 for walking<\/p>\n \u2014 for tricycle riding<\/p>\n \u2014 for automobile driving<\/p>\n \u2014 for airplane piloting<\/p>\n V. The array with respect to negative affordances<\/u><\/p>\n \u2014 more generally, the looking activity necessary for detecting dangers<\/u> in the environment (holes in the ground, cliff edges, sharp proturbances, fires, snakes, missiles).<\/p>\n VI. The pictorial array<\/p>\n \u2014 getting the information from a picture (either consisting of projected surfaces<\/u> as in painting or photography, or projected edges as in line-drawings (Cf. Buswell, How people look at pictures<\/u>).<\/p>\n \u2014 getting the information (whatever that may be) from a geometrical form.<\/p>\n VII. The array from a face<\/p>\n \u2014 getting information from the physiognomic forms and the kinetic transformations of a human face<\/u> (begins in infancy).<\/p>\n VIII. The array from a graphic surface<\/u><\/p>\n <\/u><\/u>\u2014 reading a map<\/p>\n \u2014 reading a list<\/p>\n \u2014 reading a text<\/u>. Only in this last type of array does the scanning sequence have to follow the adjacent order of a matrix, such as left to right and top to bottom. This conventional rule for scanning is to be contrasted with the rules (or strategies) for optimal scanning of the other types of array listed below.<\/p>\n Note than the hypothesis of different rules<\/u> for scanning different types of information-bearing arrays alleviates some of the difficulties in the hypothesis that all scanning is governed simply by peripheral detection of the information loci<\/u> in an array (“peripheral search-guidance”). The latter hypothesis is susceptible to the dangers of “subception” theory if one isn’t careful.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" November 1967 Situations Requiring Different Types of Exploratory Ocular Behavior J. J. Gibson, Cornell University The World Wide Web distribution of James Gibson’s “Purple Perils” is for scholarly use with the understanding that Gibson did not intend them for publication. References to these essays must cite them explicitly as unpublished manuscripts. Copies may be circulated … Continue reading “Situations Requiring Different Types of Exploratory Ocular Behavior”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1001,"featured_media":0,"parent":17,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/purpleperils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/135"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/purpleperils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/purpleperils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/purpleperils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1001"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/purpleperils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/purpleperils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":147,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/purpleperils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/135\/revisions\/147"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/purpleperils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/purpleperils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}The World Wide Web distribution of James Gibson’s “Purple Perils” is for scholarly use with the understanding that Gibson did not intend them for publication. References to these essays must cite them explicitly as unpublished manuscripts. Copies may be circulated if this statement is included on each copy.<\/h5>\n