{"id":762,"date":"2016-04-25T10:22:49","date_gmt":"2016-04-25T14:22:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/?p=762"},"modified":"2016-05-09T10:01:32","modified_gmt":"2016-05-09T14:01:32","slug":"cara-and-briana-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/2016\/04\/25\/cara-and-briana-project\/","title":{"rendered":"Alternative Predictors of Student Success Testing Project"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_795\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-795\" style=\"width: 536px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-08-at-2.57.04-PM.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-795\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-795\" src=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-08-at-2.57.04-PM-300x132.png\" alt=\"Source: Trinity College\" width=\"536\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-08-at-2.57.04-PM-300x132.png 300w, http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-08-at-2.57.04-PM.png 625w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-795\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: <a href=\"www.trincoll.edu\">Trinity College<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>Explaining the Test Optional Policy &amp; What it Means for Students:<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2015, Trinity College developed a test-optional policy that allows application readers to get to know the applicant well beyond just their grades and test scores.This change in policy stemmed from growing research in the area of non-cognitive skills, which leads us to believe that there are <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">alternative factors<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, besides just standardized test scores, class rank, grades, and essays, that are essential to understanding potential student success in college and later in life.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The policy allows the admissions committee to truly look at and understand <\/span><strong>transcripts, recommendation letters, leadership positions, work history, involvement in school and community activities, and other appropriate predictors of success at Trinity College. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">This test optional policy may, at first, seem confusing for students who are trying to understand what exactly the admissions committee is looking for. However, the policy enforces that the admissions committee will look at the student as a whole and not just as a test score. Students are presented the opportunity to present information about themselves that more accurately illustrates their diverse academic talents and potential. <\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>What We Look At To Understand Academic Achievement:<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">High School Grades &#8211; based on students\u2019 transcripts<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Academic Coursework &amp; Rigor<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Recommendation Letters from Teachers<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">*Students are encouraged to submit their SAT or ACT score <\/span><em><strong>only if<\/strong><\/em> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the student feels that those scores best represent their academic ability and potential. <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">he<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> admissions committee does not make any assumptions as to why some students choose not to submit scores.<\/span><\/em><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Students will not be penalized for not submitting test scores. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All students are given equal consideration in the admission process. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b>What We Look At To Understand The Student <\/b><b><i>Beyond<\/i><\/b><b> Academics:<\/b><\/span><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Students\u2019 Personal Essays<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Recommendation Letters<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Involvement in School and Community Activities <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Leadership Positions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Counselor Surveys &#8211; Counselors are asked to highlight characteristics they see in their students that could help us make more informed decisions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Work History<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trinity College\u2019s admissions is excited to be able to better understand and get to know applicants by placing a stronger emphasis on these factors and pieces of students\u2019 applications. Our admissions committee looks for students that will not only be successful in Trinity\u2019s academic environment, but who also <\/span><strong>possess attributes such as, but not limited to, curiosity, optimism, persistence, grit, and creativity<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Research demonstrates that these attributes along with grades and academic rigor are strong indicators of success in college. \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Research: The following section is a collection of scholarly and secondary sources that has informed the college\u2019s decision to go test-optional and implement a holistic application evaluation process for all students. <\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Grit and Overcoming Adversity<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lead scholar, Angela Duckworth, a psychologist at The University of Pennsylvania and 2013 winner of the MacArthur \u201cgenius\u201d grant from Harvard, studies concepts such as self-control and grit and how they predict future success later in life. Her new book <em>Grit: The power of Passion and Perseverance<\/em> explains her research on grit, which she defines as the ability to develop and sustain passion and commitment to achieve long-term goals, and goes in depth on stories and philosophies of people she calls \u201cparagons of grit\u201d including the Seattle Seahawks, West Point Cadets, and successful business leaders. She uses these stories to prove the importance of developing grit in students at a young age. Her Ted Talk below and subsequent research describe her work in detail. For your convince, we have outlined key points in both her research and new book, as well as common misconceptions that we hope will are clarified.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">The Key to Success? Grit- Angela Lee Duckworth<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/embed-ssl.ted.com\/talks\/angela_lee_duckworth_the_key_to_success_grit.html?wmode=transparent\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Main Takeaways from Duckworth&#8217;s Research (also described in her above Ted Talk)<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">IQ is not the only difference between the best and worst students<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">In fact, some of the strongest performers have lower IQ scores, meaning that the smartest kids are not the ones necessarily performing the best on standardized tests<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">We must have a better understanding of students and learning form a motivational and psychological perspective<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Characteristics of grit:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Passion and perseverance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Sticking with something for the future<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Working hard to make future happen<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">In a study of students in the Chicago Public School District grittier kids are more likely to graduate even when matched on family income, standardized tests, and feeling safe at school compared to other kids<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Grit is unrelated to talent<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Part of having grit is having a growth mindset, a concept developed by Carol Dweck at Stanford, which is the practice that when students learn to persist through challenges and eventually succeed, they will begin to define themselves by that persistence and not by momentary failures or challenges. This mentality is widely used at KIPP charter schools and Dweck says that when studying KIPP graduates, those that can persist and graduate college will not only have a Bachelor\u2019s Degree, but also something more valuable: the knowledge that they climbed a mountain to get it.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u00a0Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance- Angela Duckworth (May 2016)<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<figure id=\"attachment_793\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-793\" style=\"width: 267px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-07-at-1.03.11-PM.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-793\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-793\" src=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-07-at-1.03.11-PM.png\" alt=\"Angela Duckworth's new Book Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance released in May 2016. Source: Ed Week Blog\" width=\"267\" height=\"384\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-793\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Angela Duckworth&#8217;s new Book Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance released in May 2016. Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/edweek\/rulesforengagement\/2016\/05\/angela_duckworth_to_grow_students_grit_balance_challenges_with_support.html?cmp=eml-enl-eu-news2-RM\">Ed Week Blog<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Grit is not unfamiliar to educators and has recently become a buzzword in the world of education<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Many have embraced this concept in recent years along with a new wave of research centered on non-cognitive traits and social-emotional skills like growth mindset, self control, empathy, and healthy relationship skills<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">This book asserts that grit can be developed both by individuals themselves and by outside forces who help them feel challenged and supported<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">For schools, this means giving students opportunities for deliberate practice so they can learn what it\u2019s like to face a challenge and persist through it, developing the skill like a muscle, Duckworth says. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Schools can also create supportive cultures and climates where students feel inspired to incorporate effort and persistence into their identity. <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">For example, both the Seattle Seahawks and KIPP network of charter schools have promoted common language, behaviors, and norms that encourage effort and persistence in an effort to create a gritty culture<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Norm setting is important-<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">\u201cIf you\u2019re a Seattle Seahawk, you\u2019re a competitor. You have what it takes to succeed. You don\u2019t let setbacks hold you back. Grit is who you are.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Clearing Up Common Misconceptions About Grit<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">A curriculum has not yet been developed that schools can use to develop these character traits in students<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Grit is not something that can be tested on a standardized test <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">In fact, Angela Duckworth recently resigned from the board of the group overseeing the California project, which has recently started requiring testing of social-emotional skills of students and including them in judging school performance<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Teaching social-emotional skills is often seen as a way to move away from a narrow focus on test scores in order to consider the whole child, so it would be contradictory to test students on a standardized test to determine which students possess these skills and which don\u2019t. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">The education adage of \u201cwhat\u2019s measured gets treasured\u201d doesn\u2019t work for these skills since there is not a clear way to determine which students have these traits<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">The biggest concern about testing for these skills is that the tests typically rely on surveys asking students to evaluate recent behaviors on mid-sets, like how many days they remembered their homework or if they consider themselves to be hard workers.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">This makes these tests highly susceptible to fakery and subjectivity.<\/span><\/span>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_792\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-792\" style=\"width: 436px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-07-at-12.26.07-PM.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-792\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-792\" src=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-07-at-12.26.07-PM-300x237.png\" alt=\"Example questions from a recent New York Times Test to measure your level of Grit. Source: New York Times Grit Quiz\" width=\"436\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-07-at-12.26.07-PM-300x237.png 300w, http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-07-at-12.26.07-PM.png 693w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-792\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example questions from a recent New York Times Test to measure your level of Grit. Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/01\/us\/testing-for-joy-and-grit-schools-nationwide-push-to-measure-students-emotional-skills.html?smid=tw-share&amp;_r=0\">New York Times Grit Quiz<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #000080\">Introversion<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Lead researcher Susan Cain is an American writer, lecturer and author of the 2012 non-fiction book <em>Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can&#8217;t Stop Talking<\/em>. This book and Cain&#8217;s research has become well-known for arguing that &#8220;modern Western culture misunderstands and undervalues the traits and capabilities of introverted people.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #000080\">The Power of Introverts-Susan Cain<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/embed-ssl.ted.com\/talks\/susan_cain_the_power_of_introverts.html?wmode=transparent\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #000080\">Main Takeaways from Susan Cain&#8217;s Research (also described in the Ted Talk above)<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<figure id=\"attachment_794\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-794\" style=\"width: 311px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-07-at-1.02.21-PM.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-794\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-794 \" src=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-07-at-1.02.21-PM-200x300.png\" alt=\"Susan Cain's Book Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Source: \" width=\"311\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-07-at-1.02.21-PM-200x300.png 200w, http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-07-at-1.02.21-PM.png 224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 311px) 100vw, 311px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-794\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susan Cain&#8217;s Book Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can&#8217;t Stop Talking. Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.quietrev.com\/quiet-the-book\/\">Quiet Rev<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">It is widely perceived that being quiet and introverted is wrong<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">In actuality, \u2153-\u00bd of the population can be classified as introverted<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Introversion is more about about how you respond to stimulation including social stimulation<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Extroverts crave a large amount of stimulation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Introverts feel most alive in quieter or lower-key environments<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Problem: schools and workplaces, the most important institutions in our society are designed for extroverts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">In reality, introverts get better grades and are more knowledgeable, yet are seen as outsiders when they would rather work alone<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Introverts are much more passed over for leadership positions<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Even though, many times they are much more careful and cautious they are also less likely to take risks<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Adam Grant from the Wharton School of Business says that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts because when they are managing proactive employees they are more likely to allow them to run with their own ideas<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Extroverts more often than not want to put their own stamp on things that they risk losing other people\u2019s good ideas along the way and allowing workers to lapse into passivity<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Everyone falls somewhere along the introvert\/extrovert spectrum and Susan Cain argues that it is important to recognize the strengths of not only extroverts, but introverts as well<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Creativity and productivity is one of the biggest ways that introverts and extroverts differ <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">People who are good at creating\/advancing their ideas need some solitude to cultivate their ideas <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">This is one of the biggest instances of introverts craving solitude<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">What are we missing in this group of people who are often passed over? This is the question that the admissions office wants to explore by placing value on student\u2019s character traits <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">It is becoming more apparent that something might be wrong with a leadership style that values quick and assertive answers over quiet, slow decision making<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">We perceive talkers as smarter than quiet types even though GPA, SAT, IQ test scores reveal this to be inaccurate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Extroverts get better grades in elementary schools but introverts do better in high school and college<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">In college, introversion predicts academic success better than cognitive ability<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">One study which tested 141 college students knowledge on 20 different subjects ranging from art to astronomy to statistics found that introverts knew more than extroverts in every single subject<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Introverts receive disproportionate number of graduate degrees, national merit scholarship finalist positions, and phi beta kappa keys<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">They outperform extroverts on the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal test which is often used by businesses for hiring and promotion<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">They are shown to excel at \u201cinsightful problem solving,\u201d a skill that is valued in the business world<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Introverts overwhelmingly think before they act, digest information, stay on task longer, give up less easily, and work more accurately<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>Emotional Intelligence and\u00a0Non-cognitive factor<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-796 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/FullSizeRender-3-300x295.jpg\" alt=\"FullSizeRender 3\" width=\"370\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/FullSizeRender-3-300x295.jpg 300w, http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/files\/2016\/04\/FullSizeRender-3.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">William Sedlacek, Professor Emeritus at the University of Maryland, College Park, is a researcher who has authored numerous articles and books on a wide range of topics including racism, sexism, college admissions, advising, and employee selection. He is the recipient of numerous awards for his work. His work is widely used in influencing those who wish to use other factors other than test scores in the college admissions process.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080\"><strong>Main Takeaways of Sedlacek&#8217;s Research<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Sedlacek has studied predicting academic success of student athletes using SAT and non-cognitive variable<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">He uses Robert Sternberg\u2019s three types of intelligence to explain his ideas<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Componential Intelligence: the ability to interpret information in a hierarchical and taxonomic fashion in a well-defined and unchanging context<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">SAT Type\u2192 people who score high on the SAT are this kind of thinker<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Experiential Intelligence: the ability to interpret information in a changing context-to be creative<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Standardized tests don\u2019t measure this<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Conceptual Intelligence- has to do with the ability to adapt to a changing environment: the ability to handle and negotiate the system<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Standardized tests were never intended and do not measure experiential and contextual intelligence<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Sedlacek has studied non-traditional students and how their status impacts their admissions into higher education<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Traditionality may be useful to consider in making admissions or post matriculation decisions about students<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Non-traditional students have not had the experience of typical middle or upper middle class white students in the education system<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Non-cognitive variables have been shown to predict the success of non-traditional students in higher education including freshman grades, upper class grades, retention and graduation<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Non-traditional students have included US minority and international students at many levels in higher education<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Athletes and non-traditional students<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Athletes have a unique culture and set of experiences in life that differentiate them from others<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Spend a great deal of time together and often have common goals and values generated by their experiences as athletes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">James Heckman, an American economist and Nobel Laureate has done extensive research on the limits of standardized testing. The main takeaways of his research and how they relate to the prior research mentioned above are listed below.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Heckman notes that there has been a longtime neglect of important non-cognitive factors in college admissions <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Character skills rival IQ in predicting educational attainment, labor market success, health, and criminality<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">There is extensive research available that reinforces Heckman\u2019s conclusions:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">The experience of KIPP charter schools indicates students with a stronger academic profile (including higher SAT scores), but lacking in specific character traits, were more likely to drop out<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">There are several studies that have focused on the differential effects of GPA and SAT scores on educational success<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Specifically researchers have found that college grades are correlated more strongly with GPA in high school than with standardized test scores<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Studies by Angela Duckworth (mentioned above) and others have found that GPA and college persistence are correlated strongly with character traits such as self control and perseverance <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000000\">Students with higher composite grit scores get better grades and are more likely to enroll in college and stay in college, proving that these traits are interconnected to each other and extremely valuable for assessing students\u2019 potential to excel academically in college and professionally in their future word endeavors.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #008000\">Coming Soon: Future interviews with students who went through the test optional process<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #000000\">Works Cited<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Blad, Evie. &#8220;Angela Duckworth: To Grow Students&#8217; Grit, Balance Challenges With Support.&#8221; Education Week. http:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/edweek\/rulesforengagement\/2016\/05\/angela_duckworth_to_grow_students_grit_balance_challenges_with_support.html?cmp=eml-enl-eu-news2-RM.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Heckman, J. J. (2008). Schools, skills, and synapses. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Economic inquiry<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">46<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(3), 289-324.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sedlacek, W. E., &amp; Adams-Gaston, J. A.V.A.U.N.E. (1992). Predicting the Academic Success of Student\u2010Athletes Using SAT and Noncognitive Variables. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Journal of Counseling &amp; Development<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Zernike, Katie. &#8220;Testing for Joy and Grit? Schools Nationwide Push to Measure Students\u2019 Emotional Skills.&#8221; <em>New York Times<\/em> (New York, NY), February 29, 2016. Accessed May 8, 2016. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/01\/us\/testing-for-joy-and-grit-schools-nationwide-push-to-measure-students-emotional-skills.html?smid=tw-share&amp;_r=0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explaining the Test Optional Policy &amp; What it Means for Students: In 2015, Trinity College developed a test-optional policy that allows application readers to get to know the applicant well beyond just their grades and test scores.This change in policy stemmed from growing research in the area of non-cognitive skills, which leads us to believe [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1046,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/762"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1046"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=762"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":823,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/762\/revisions\/823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/urbaned\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}