{"id":608,"date":"2018-04-02T17:28:36","date_gmt":"2018-04-02T17:28:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/?p=608"},"modified":"2018-04-10T04:01:41","modified_gmt":"2018-04-10T04:01:41","slug":"gabes-timeline-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/2018\/04\/02\/gabes-timeline-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Gabe&#8217;s Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- iframe plugin v.4.5 wordpress.org\/plugins\/iframe\/ -->\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/cdn.knightlab.com\/libs\/timeline3\/latest\/embed\/index.html?source=1mYA1u7o5JSbAwSxBCLV4nFPlIb1YDX3LNDt4FEJihGU&#038;font=Default&#038;lang=en&#038;initial_zoom=2&#038;height=650\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\" 0=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" 1=\"mozallowfullscreen\" 2=\"allowfullscreen\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\"><\/iframe>\n\n<p>I chose Zuccotti Park as the place for my timeline because it was the site of the Occupy Wall Street movement. However, I presented the park in a way that didn\u2019t confine the space as only the site of this event \u2013 upon further research, I discovered the public square was significant for many reasons. First and foremost, the park is emblematic of the sweeping trend of neoliberal policy in modern cities across the globe. Zuccotti Park is a POPS, meaning it is a public space that sits on privately owned land. POPS are prevalent throughout New York and allow the city to provide adequate open and public space to residents without having to deal with the costs of maintenance. This is also a positive tradeoff because private companies are then held responsible for their public footprint and how urbanites perceive the companies influence on the city. Problems begin to arise, however, when questions of who has a right to the space arise. Since the park is public and must be open 24 hours a day, protestors believe they have a right to the space but officials view them as restricting the freedom of others to use the square. It\u2019s a very difficult urban dilemma with no clear solutions, which is why I began my timeline in Antiquity.<\/p>\n<p>By beginning the timeline in ancient Greece, I hope to demonstrate that public squares and the question of who has the right to use them have existed for as long as humans have settled together. The term public square has always been deceiving, because history shows that a segment of the population was consistently excluded and oppressed from the space. In 500 BCE, it was women, slaves, and foreigners who couldn\u2019t access public squares. In 2011, it was anarchists and those that were fed up with the financial establishment that were eventually barred from accessing public space. Further, by beginning in Antiquity and traveling to other parts of the world, its possible to show how public squares have a number of universal uses, as well as public squares that serve very particular functions for a specific city \u2013 Boston Common was a pasture for grazing, like many other public spaces at the time, but was simultaneously the site of antislavery protests as well as civil rights demonstrations.<\/p>\n<p>Lastly, at the root of my timeline is my own love of urban public squares. In any city I visit, I am immediately drawn to the wide-open and bustling spaces of public squares. I\u2019ve spent entire days simply sitting on benches, people watching and eves dropping. It\u2019s where the best of city-life is on display at any hour of the day and where a visitor can gain the most profound sense of place. Cities are usually distinguished most by their skylines, but it\u2019s what happens in between those looming skyscrapers, in the urban public squares, that give a city its true character.<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">Bibliography<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Blitz, Matt. \u201cThe Oldest City in the United States Turns 450.\u201d\u00a0<i>Smithsonian<\/i>, Smithsonian Institution, 3 Sept. 2015. [1]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Carmona, Matthew, et al.\u00a0<i>Public Space: The Management Dimension<\/i>. Routledge, 2008. [2]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">\u201cExperiencing the Hybrid City: The Role of Digital Technology in Public Urban Places.\u201d\u00a0<i>The SAGE Handbook of New Urban Studies<\/i>, by John A. Hannigan et al., SAGE, 2017, pp. 535\u2013549. [3]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Foderaro, Lisa W. \u201cZuccotti Park Is Privately Owned, but Open to the Public.\u201d\u00a0<i>The New York Times<\/i>, The New York Times, 13 Oct. 2011. [4]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Folpe , Emily Kies. \u201cA History of Washington Square Park.\u201d\u00a0<i>Washington Square Park Conservancy<\/i>, 2002. [5]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Gordon, Eden. \u201cThe Top 10 Secrets of NYC&#8217;s Zuccotti Park.\u201d\u00a0<i>Untapped Cities<\/i>, 6 Dec. 2017. [6]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Hou, Jeffrey. \u201cBeyond Zuccotti Park: Making the Public.\u201d\u00a0<i>Places Journal<\/i>, 1 Sept. 2012. [7]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Jarus, Owen. \u201cTenochtitl\u00e1n: History of Aztec Capital.\u201d\u00a0<i>Live Science<\/i>, 15 June 2017. [8]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Katz, Andrew. \u201cOccupy Wall Street: How Protesters Made the Zuccotti Park Eviction Inevitable.\u201d\u00a0<i>The Guardian<\/i>, Guardian News and Media, 25 Nov. 2011. [9]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Kreiter, Suzanne. \u201cHistory of Boston Common.\u201d\u00a0<i>BostonGlobe.com<\/i>, Boston Globe, 30 Sept. 2007. [10]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Langer, Adina. \u201cPlaces That Matter: Zuccotti Park.\u201d\u00a0<i>Place Matters &#8211; A Joint Project of City Lore and the Municipal Art Society<\/i>, Oct. 2011. [11]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Levitin, Michael. \u201cThe Triumph of Occupy Wall Street.\u201d\u00a0<i>The Atlantic<\/i>, Atlantic Media Company, 10 June 2015. [12]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Light, Richard. \u201cThe Agora from Athens to Atlanta: Public Space as Marketplace, Park and Center of Urban Life.\u201d\u00a0<i>Planetizen &#8211; Urban Planning News, Jobs, and Education<\/i>, 15 Apr. 2010. [13]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Mark , Joshua J. \u201cAcropolis.\u201d\u00a0<i>Ancient History Encyclopedia<\/i>, 2 Sept. 2009. [14]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">\u201cThe Production of Space.\u201d\u00a0<i>The People, Place, and Space Reader<\/i>, by Jen Jack Gieseking et al., Routledge, 2014, pp. 289\u2013293.\u00a0 [15]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">\u201cPutting the Public Back into Public Space.\u201d\u00a0<i>The People, Place, and Space Reader<\/i>, by Jen Jack Gieseking and Kurt Iveson, Routledge, 2014, pp. 187\u2013191. [16]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Reynolds, Francis. \u201cAfter Zuccotti Park: Seven Privately Owned Public Spaces to Occupy Next.\u201d\u00a0<i>The Nation<\/i>, 14 Oct. 2011.\u00a0 [17]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Ruddick, Susan. \u201cConstructing Differences in Public Spaces: Race, Class and Gender as Interlocking Systems.\u201d\u00a0<i>The People, Place, and Space Reader<\/i>, by Jen Jack Gieseking and William Mangold, Routledge, 2014, pp. 7\u201311. [18]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Schwartz, Mattathias. \u201cPre-Occupied The Origins and Future of Occupy Wall Street.\u201d\u00a0<i>The New Yorker<\/i>, The New Yorker, 28 Nov. 2011. [19]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Weiss, Lois. \u201cJohn Zuccotti, Tireless Champion of Downtown, Dies at 78.\u201d\u00a0<i>New York Post<\/i>, New York Post, 23 Nov. 2015. [20]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Wheeler, Heather. \u201cAztec Trade: Regional Markets and Long Distance Trading.\u201d\u00a0<i>History on the Net<\/i>, Regnery Publishing, 10 June 2005. [21]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hang\">Willis, Amy. \u201cOccupy Wall Street Eviction: as It Happened 15 November.\u201d\u00a0<i>The Telegraph<\/i>, Telegraph Media Group, 17 Nov. 2011. [22]<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I chose Zuccotti Park as the place for my timeline because it was the site of the Occupy Wall Street movement. However, I presented the park in a way that didn\u2019t confine the space as only the site of this event \u2013 upon further research, I discovered the public square was significant for many reasons. &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/2018\/04\/02\/gabes-timeline-2\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Gabe&#8217;s Timeline&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2050,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/608"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2050"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=608"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":703,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/608\/revisions\/703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}