{"id":639,"date":"2018-04-08T21:24:23","date_gmt":"2018-04-08T21:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/?p=639"},"modified":"2018-04-09T20:46:29","modified_gmt":"2018-04-09T20:46:29","slug":"bellevue-timeline","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/2018\/04\/08\/bellevue-timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Bellevue&#8217;s Legacy: A Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- iframe plugin v.4.5 wordpress.org\/plugins\/iframe\/ -->\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/cdn.knightlab.com\/libs\/timeline3\/latest\/embed\/index.html?source=1tTcxCUGYv_55d2wtpRlmeewTP5RYc3RGluAjH6cdbts&#038;font=OldStandard&#038;lang=en&#038;initial_zoom=2&#038;height=650\" width=\"100%\" height=\"650\" 0=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" 1=\"mozallowfullscreen\" 2=\"allowfullscreen\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\"><\/iframe>\n\n<p>Bellevue is a site with an immense legacy, an almost monumental presence in the history of American medicine. Its story is littered with notable firsts and achievements: the first ambulance service, the first dedicated maternity ward, the first trials of countless influential treatments (Oshinsky). Bellevue\u2019s history is complicated, however, by the experiences of its patients. Its legacy of treating the public, offering care to those marginalized by their illnesses and disabilities, represents a triumph for the ideals of public medicine. But its history also tracks the evolution of medicine, and of hospitals as institutions in America. Bellevue opened as a \u201cpesthouse,\u201d a hospital for the poor and destitute, in 1736. As the oldest public hospital, it has served crisis after crisis, for outbreaks of yellow fever in the nineteenth century to the AIDS crisis at its height (Frusciano &amp; Pettit 89).<\/p>\n<p>But Bellevue has at many points in its history become synonymous with understaffed, underfunded public hospital system. As such, its relationship with the public has been contentious, from fears over its dissection of cadavers to unethical experiments to its association in the 20th century with psychiatric illness and,\u00a0accordingly, an image as a menacing, foreboding prison for the insane. It has become an imaginary nexus for both the virtues and the pitfalls of the public health system in America. In response, my timeline shuttles between both of these stories, those of the hospital\u2019s achievements, and those of patients\u2019 vexed relationships with the institution. I\u2019ve chosen to include its cultural touchstones, like the 1945 best picture winner \u201cLost Weekend,\u201d set and filmed at Bellevue, as well as sensational news stories that have contributed to its popular perceptions.<\/p>\n<p>As a building, Bellevue\u2019s design tracks changes in hospital design and in transformations in therapeutic theory. Its relocation from downtown to its current location allowed patients access to fresh air and river views, but also put it out of the minds of lawmakers downtown (Burrows &amp; Wallace 112, Marks &amp; Beatty). Attempts to redevelop the closed psychiatric hospital, now used as a homeless shelter, have brought to public discussion the hospital\u2019s function within the larger social landscape, constituting somewhat of a roundtrip for the institution (Rubinstein). Events like Hurricane Sandy have demonstrated just how crucial a role Bellevue plays in New York\u2019s social landscape (He et. al). My timeline\u2019s use of these events is designed to suggest the institution&#8217;s engagement with the city\u2019s politics, culture, and geography. Bellevue operates on different scales, from local politics to international transformations in models of public health. My timeline hopes to draw attention to the ways Bellevue has responded to but also produced medical culture across these scales, adding up to a rich and layered history that must be read not only for its achievements but for the sorts of individual experiences it produced.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2;margin-left: 2em;text-indent: -2em\">\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace. <i>Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898<\/i>. Oxford University Press, 1998.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Carlisle, Robert J. <i>An Account of Bellevue Hospital: With a Catalogue of the Medical and Surgical Staff from 1736 to 1894<\/i>. Society of the Alumni of Bellevue Hospital, 1893.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Cone, Thomas E. <i>History of American Pediatrics<\/i>. Little, Bown and Company, 1979.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Dukakis, Kitty, and Larry Tye. <i>Shock<\/i>. Penguin, 2007.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Fred Mogul. \u201cBellevue Hospital\u2019s Slow Comeback After Superstorm Sandy.\u201d <i>All Things Considered<\/i>, NPR, 30 Jan. 2013. <i>EBSCOhost.<\/i><\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Frusciano, Thomas J., and Marilyn H. Pettit. <i>New York University and the City: An Illustrated History<\/i>. Rutgers University Press, 1997.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Gamble, Molly. \u201cA New Name for NYC Health and Hospitals Corp: 5 Things to Know.\u201d <i>Becker\u2019s Hospital Review<\/i>, 10 Nov. 2015.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Harris, Mark. \u201cCheckout Time at the Asylum.\u201d <i>New York Magazine<\/i>, Nov. 2008.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Hartocollis, Anmeona. \u201cBellevue Marks 275 Years of Taking Care.\u201d <i>New York Times<\/i>, 15 Dec. 2011.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">He, Fangtao Tony, et al. \u201cTemporal and Spatial Patterns in Utilization of Mental Health Services During and After Hurricane Sandy: Emergency Department and Inpatient Hospitalizations in New York City.\u201d <i>Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness<\/i>, vol. 10, no. 03, June 2016, pp. 512\u201317. <i>CrossRef<\/i>, doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2016.89\">10.1017\/dmp.2016.89<\/a>.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Kinetz, Erika. \u201cWhere the Wounds Don\u2019t Show.\u201d <i>New York Times<\/i>, 3 Nov. 2002, pp. 1, 12.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Kirkland, M. B. \u201cCall an Ambulance.\u201d <i>New Yorker<\/i>, 10 Sep 1938, pp. 83\u201386.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Marks, Geoffrey, and William K. Beatty. <i>The Story of Medicine in America<\/i>. Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons, 1973.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Oshinsky, David. <i>Bellevue: Three Centuries of Medicine and Mayhem at America\u2019s Most Storied Hospital<\/i>. Anchor, 2016.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Phillips, Gene D. <i>Some like It Wilder: The Life and Controversial Films of Billy Wilder<\/i>. 2010.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Riis, Jacob A. <i>How the Other Half Lives<\/i>. Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons, 1890.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Rubinstein, Dana. \u201cBellevue Redevelopment Officially Dead.\u201d <i>The New York Observer<\/i>, <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100426141918\/http:\/\/www.observer.com\/2010\/real-estate\/bellevue-redevelopment-officially-dead\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100426141918\/http:\/\/www.observer.com\/2010\/real-estate\/bellevue-redevelopment-officially-dead<\/a>.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Senior, Jeffiner. \u201cReview: \u2018Bellevue\u2019 Celebrates a Hospital Not Crazy, but Compassionate.\u201d <i>New York Times<\/i>, 16 Nov. 2016.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Shrout, Anelise H. \u201cPublic Health in New York City.\u201d <i>Digital Almshouse Project<\/i>, 2013, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyuirish.net\/almshouse\/public-health-in-new-york-city\/\">https:\/\/www.nyuirish.net\/almshouse\/public-health-in-new-york-city\/<\/a>.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Siegel, Robert. \u201cBellevue Hospital Pioneered Care For Presidents And Paupers.\u201d <i>All Things Considered<\/i>, NPR, 16 Nov. 2016.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Strom, S. \u201cAIDS and Privacy: A Bellevue Dillemma.\u201d <i>New York Times<\/i>, 28 Jan. 1991, p. 1.<\/div>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Yanni, Carla. <i>The Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States<\/i>. University of Minnesota Press, 2007.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bellevue is a site with an immense legacy, an almost monumental presence in the history of American medicine. Its story is littered with notable firsts and achievements: the first ambulance service, the first dedicated maternity ward, the first trials of countless influential treatments (Oshinsky). Bellevue\u2019s history is complicated, however, by the experiences of its patients. &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/2018\/04\/08\/bellevue-timeline\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Bellevue&#8217;s Legacy: A Timeline&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2036,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/639"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2036"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=639"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":698,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/639\/revisions\/698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/amst-mpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}