{"id":478,"date":"2013-05-26T22:43:56","date_gmt":"2013-05-27T02:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/?page_id=478"},"modified":"2013-05-26T22:44:10","modified_gmt":"2013-05-27T02:44:10","slug":"evolution-of-viviparity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/?page_id=478","title":{"rendered":"Evolution of viviparity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Phylogenetic analyses have revealed that viviparity has originated on more than 115 separate occasions among reptiles (<a href=\"http:\/\/shakti.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/1982-Blackburn1982.pdf\">Blackburn 1982<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/1985-Blackburn-Amphib-Reptilia.pdf\">1985<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/shakti.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/1999c-Blackburn1999.pdf\">1999<\/a>). An additional\u00a039 origins are identifiable\u00a0in amphibians and non-tetrapod \u201cfishes\u201d (Blackburn <a href=\"http:\/\/shakti.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/2005a-Blackburn2005.pdf\">2005a<\/a> and more recent work). Thus, viviparity has evolved separately in more than 155 vertebrate clades.\u00a0 Ongoing analyses continue to update the identifiable origins of viviparity, while proving insight into how these reproductive patterns have evolved (<a href=\"http:\/\/shakti.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/1999c-Blackburn1999.pdf\">Blackburn 1999<\/a>,<a href=\"http:\/\/shakti.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/2006-Blackburn2006.pdf\"> 2006<\/a>). These analyses and related empirical work have contributed to comprehensive reviews of viviparity and placentation (<a href=\"http:\/\/www2.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/1992a-Blackburn-AmZool.pdf\">Blackburn 1992<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.1402660508\/abstract\">1993<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/1998-Blackburn-Oviducts.pdf\">1998<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/shakti.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/1999a-Blackburn1999-viviparity.pdf\">1999a<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1095643300002725\">2000<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/shakti.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/2005b-Blackburn2005.pdf\">2005b<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/shakti.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/2006-Blackburn2006.pdf\">2006<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jez.b.v312b:6\/issuetoc\">Blackburn &amp; Richardson 2009<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/shakti.trincoll.edu\/~blackbur\/2011-Blackburn+Stewart-2011.pdf\">Blackburn &amp; Stewart 2011<\/a>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Phylogenetic analyses have revealed that viviparity has originated on more than 115 separate occasions among reptiles (Blackburn 1982, 1985, 1999). An additional\u00a039 origins are identifiable\u00a0in amphibians and non-tetrapod \u201cfishes\u201d (Blackburn 2005a and more recent work). Thus, viviparity has evolved separately in more than 155 vertebrate clades.\u00a0 Ongoing analyses continue to update the identifiable origins of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"parent":13,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/478"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=478"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":481,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/478\/revisions\/481"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/blackbur\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}