Category: Uncategorized

Literature Search

Posted on Author Nicole Sagullo

In his article In Hartford, A map To A Better Way Of Life, Kovner discusses the city’s mapping of nuisance complaints and whether it will lead to more stability through change. Using statistics, the city has mapped out nuisances to aim to bring resources to these areas (Kovner, 2011). This article relates to the idea of income inequality and segregation. Working to improve areas with more issues, which are mapped in lower-income areas, may help bring people to these places and disperse the wealth a bit more. Using the ERIC database, I found an article about Housing Barriers Over Time. While the focal city of the paper was Houston, Texas, I thought maybe it would relate to situations in Hartford. The abstract brings up both residential segregation and housing discrimination as central barriers (Bullard, 1990). I would like to use a website I easily found to understand the paperwork, language, and process of permits, land use, and city planning in current times (City of Hartford: Department Services- Planning Division). I had more trouble finding a book in the catalog online. I think it would be easier to meet with a library aide or go find the books in physical person to see if they havewhat I am looking for. In the end, I found one via the catalog about Zoning and housing costs that discusses land use and housing prices (Sagalyn & Sternlieb, 1972).

 

Bullard, R. D. (1990). Housing Barriers: Trends in the Nation’s Fourth-Largest City. Journal of Black Studies, 21(1), 4–14.

Department of Development Services – Planning Division. (1924). Retrieved September 21, 2012, from http://planning.hartford.gov/webfiles/pln-zoning-admin.htm

Kovner, Josh. (2011). In Hartford, A Map To A Better Way Of Life. Courant.com. Retrieved September 21, 2012, from http://www.courant.com/community/hartford/hc-hartford-blight-fight-0531-20110530,0,904682.story

Sagalyn, L. B., & Sternlieb, G. (1972). Zoning and housing costs: The impact of land-use controls on housing price. New Brunswick: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University.

A Literature Search on Redlining

Posted on Author Pauline Lake

For this literature search assignment, I decided to conduct a literature search on “redlining.” I feel that redlining is a practice that has changed over time. Therefore, I looked for sources that contained  housing discrimination by means of redlining. From conducting this search, I found that documents containing redlining also contained information about housing discrimination in general. This reassured me that I was well on my way to conducting a useful literature search for the first essay assignment.

The first source that I found was an online book from a Congressional hearing about “reverse redlining,” which was published in 2009. 1 2 I later found the paperback version of the book on Amazon. From reading the first several pages, which are the transcripts of speeches, one can immediately gather that housing discrimination is still occurring despite acts, such as the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, that have been passed to aid the stop of such discrimination. In this document, it is noted that housing discrimination is most often affecting minorities that have low incomes, bad credit, and/or poor employment history. This document will be a great resource for background information regarding redlining and it’s current state of “reverse redlining.”

The second source I found was an article from the journal Challenge.   3 This journal article discusses the redlining controversy over time. This includes its relation to other housing barriers, as well as, banks and housing.  With the discussion of redlining and it’s relevance over time, this article will be helpful in arguing that housing barriers have changed over time.

My third source came from a 2008 issue of the Hartford Courant. The article discusses a new redlining that has been invented by mortgage lenders. 4 This new method or redlining is explained as rating zip codes by how they appear to be declining. The article explains how this kind of redlining is affecting the Hartford area in terms of purchasing homes. This article would be a good source to show that redlining is still existent, as well as, to compare how the types of redlining have changed over time.
The fourth source I looked into was the Outside the Neatline blog.. 5 Although I have seen the maps as part of past assignments, I thought that this would be a great source to use since it contains a lot of information about redlining since 1937. The website/blog seems to be an easy, but interesting, read that will allow me to interact with the maps of data that are included with the text. A source like this will be useful for explaining any changes over time that have occurred in specific areas around Hartford.

  1. United States. 2010. Predatory lending and reverse redlining: are low-income, minority and senior borrowers targets for higher-cost loans? : hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, June 25, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS122104. ↩
  2. Joint, United States Congress. Predatory Lending and Reverse Redlining: Are Low-income. Books LLC, Reference Series, 2011. ↩
  3. Dreier, Peter. “Redlining Cities: How Banks Color Community Development.” Challenge. Volume 34, No. 6 (November 1, 1991): 15–23. ↩
  4. Harney, Kenneth. “Mortgage Lenders Invent a New Way of Redlining.” Hartford Courant. Hartford, Conn., United States, February 3, 2008, sec. HOME & REAL ESTATE. ↩
  5. Curtis. “Outside the Neatline: Redlining in Hartford Area, 1937: A Web-Based Map with Linked Documents.” Outside the Neatline, July 12, 2011. http://outsidetheneatline.blogspot.com/2011/07/redlining-in-hartford-area-1937-web.html. ↩

A Literature Search on Redlining

Posted on Author Pauline Lake

For this literature search assignment, I decided to conduct a literature search on “redlining.” I feel that redlining is a practice that has changed over time. Therefore, I looked for sources that contained  housing discrimination by means of redlining. From conducting this search, I found that documents containing redlining also contained information about housing discrimination in general. This reassured me that I was well on my way to conducting a useful literature search for the first essay assignment.

The first source that I found was an online book from a Congressional hearing about “reverse redlining,” which was published in 2009. 1 2 I later found the paperback version of the book on Amazon. From reading the first several pages, which are the transcripts of speeches, one can immediately gather that housing discrimination is still occurring despite acts, such as the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, that have been passed to aid the stop of such discrimination. In this document, it is noted that housing discrimination is most often affecting minorities that have low incomes, bad credit, and/or poor employment history. This document will be a great resource for background information regarding redlining and it’s current state of “reverse redlining.”

The second source I found was an article from the journal Challenge.   3 This journal article discusses the redlining controversy over time. This includes its relation to other housing barriers, as well as, banks and housing.  With the discussion of redlining and it’s relevance over time, this article will be helpful in arguing that housing barriers have changed over time.

My third source came from a 2008 issue of the Hartford Courant. The article discusses a new redlining that has been invented by mortgage lenders. 4 This new method or redlining is explained as rating zip codes by how they appear to be declining. The article explains how this kind of redlining is affecting the Hartford area in terms of purchasing homes. This article would be a good source to show that redlining is still existent, as well as, to compare how the types of redlining have changed over time.
The fourth source I looked into was the Outside the Neatline blog.. 5 Although I have seen the maps as part of past assignments, I thought that this would be a great source to use since it contains a lot of information about redlining since 1937. The website/blog seems to be an easy, but interesting, read that will allow me to interact with the maps of data that are included with the text. A source like this will be useful for explaining any changes over time that have occurred in specific areas around Hartford.

  1. United States. 2010. Predatory lending and reverse redlining: are low-income, minority and senior borrowers targets for higher-cost loans? : hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, June 25, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS122104. ↩
  2. Joint, United States Congress. Predatory Lending and Reverse Redlining: Are Low-income. Books LLC, Reference Series, 2011. ↩
  3. Dreier, Peter. “Redlining Cities: How Banks Color Community Development.” Challenge. Volume 34, No. 6 (November 1, 1991): 15–23. ↩
  4. Harney, Kenneth. “Mortgage Lenders Invent a New Way of Redlining.” Hartford Courant. Hartford, Conn., United States, February 3, 2008, sec. HOME & REAL ESTATE. ↩
  5. Curtis. “Outside the Neatline: Redlining in Hartford Area, 1937: A Web-Based Map with Linked Documents.” Outside the Neatline, July 12, 2011. http://outsidetheneatline.blogspot.com/2011/07/redlining-in-hartford-area-1937-web.html. ↩

Barriers in Urban Housing

Posted on Author Jorell 'Joey' Diaz

My topic of choice that I researched for this assignment was Barriers in Urban Housing. This search brought up a number of exclusionary zoning scholarly articles and books. While searching I came across this book titled Drugs, Crimes, and Social Isolations: Barriers to Urban Opportunity.[1] To be completely honest I just read the title of this text and was automatically drawn to read it. Another source I came across and thought would be beneficial is titled Exclusionary Zoning: The Need for a Regional Planning Context. This article explains how an increasing number of challenges to zoning and building regulations based on their exclusionary consequences for low-income and/or minority groups found their way into the courts.[2] I feel that this source would help me completely flesh out specific details about the present exclusionary zoning barriers. Another source that I found which I felt could also provide a lens to flesh out specific details is entitled Exclusionary Zoning: A Wrong In Search of a Remedy.[3]In researching older housing barriers and modern day barriers I came across a text named Modern housing for America: Policy Struggles in the New Deal Era. I found this source very interesting specifically because it sheds light on the largely forgotten alternatives that existed when federal policies were first defined in the New Deal.[4]

Some other sources that I came across while researching for my specified topic included an essay titled “Barriers to Accessible Housing: Enforcement issues in Design and Construction Cases Under the Fair Housing Act”[5], an article titled “Breaking the Exclusionary Land Use Regulation Barrier: Policies to Promote Affordable Housing in the Suburbs”[6], another article titled “Schools and Housing Markets: An examination of School Segregation and Performance in Connecticut”[7], and another essay titled “The Politics of Exclusionary Zoning in Suburbia”[8]. From all of these sources I hope to fully flesh out the history and deeply rooted history behind these Barriers in Urban Housing.

[1] V, Harrell Adele. Drugs, Crime, and Social Isolation: Barriers to Urban Opportunity. First ed. University Press of America, 1992.

[2] Marcus, Norman. “Exclusionary Zoning: The Need for a Regional Planning Context.” Heinonline, n.d. http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/nyls16&div=41&id=&page.

[3] Rubinowitz, Leonard S. “Exclusionary Zoning: A Wrong in Search of a Remedy.” Heinonline, n.d. http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/umijlr6&div=34&i&page.

[4] Radford, Gail. Modern Housing for America: Policy Struggles in the New Deal Era. University of Chicago Press, 1997.

[5] Schwemm, Robert G. “Barriers to Accessible Housing: Enforcement Issues in Design and Construction Cases Under the Fair Housing Act.” SSRN eLibrary (n.d.). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=895581.

[6] Choppin, Timothy J. “Breaking the Exclusionary Land Use Regulation Barrier: Policies to Promote Affordable Housing in the Suburbs.” Georgetown Law Journal 82 (1994 1993): 2039.

[7] Clapp, John M., and Stephen L. Ross. “Schools and Housing Markets: An Examination of School Segregation and Performance in Connecticut*.” The Economic Journal 114, no. 499 (2004): F425–F440.

[8] Danielson, Michael N. The Politics of Exclusionary Zoning in Suburbia. Vol. 91. The Academy of Political Science, n.d. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2149156?uid=3739952&uid=2134&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101199024741.

 

Citations

Posted on Author Victoria Smith Ellison

As we are approaching the due date for our first essay, I decided to conduct a literature search for potential sources to support my argument. The first source that I found is an article from a website titled The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights that describes what housing discrimination is.[1] The next source I found is a book titled Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination that describes the connection between housing and opportunity.[2] I would like to further explore this topic as home ownership is seen as a long-term goal. Despite many people’s dreams of buying homes in great neighborhoods, there are harsh realities for some. Hopefully this book will explain more on who is targeted, how they are targeted and why and the effects. Another source that I found is from the Journal of Urban Economics that discusses housing discrimination in the year 2000.[3] I find this relevant because the study was conducted within the last fifteen years. This will help me examine the changes in housing barriers, if any, through out the 20th century and beyond. The last source I found was on the Hartford Courant’s website. It discusses housing discrimination of Section 8 recipients.[4] I know that we are focusing on homeowners, but I think it might be interesting to compare the difference of housing discrimination for homeowners and renters as homeownership is as more permanent while renting may be temporary.

 

[1] “What Is Housing Discrimination?” The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights. Web. 21 Sept. 2012.

[2] Yinger, John. Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination. Russell Sage Foundation, 1997. Print.

[3] Zhao, Bo, Jan Ondrich, and John Yinger. “Why Do Real Estate Brokers Continue to Discriminate? Evidence from the 2000 Housing Discrimination Study.” Journal of Urban Economics 59.3 (2006): 394–419. Web. 21 Sept. 2012.

[4]  “Federal Suit Alleges Section 8 Housing Discrimination.” Hartford Courant. Web. 21 Sept. 2012.