Step 1:\u00a0Plagiarize\u00a0any portion of the original text by\u00a0copying\u00a0portions of it word-for-word.<\/p>\n
Attempts to isolate the individual effects of a teacher through their students\u2019 test scores are alarmingly error prone. The value-added scores also fluctuate between years. A teacher who gets a particular ranking in year one is likely to get a different ranking the next year. There will always be instability in these rankings, some of which will reflect \u201creal\u201d performance changes.<\/p>\n
Step 2:\u00a0Plagiarize\u00a0any portion of the original text by\u00a0paraphrasing its structure too closely.<\/p>\n
Economist Sean Corcoran who studied the teacher evaluation systems in New York City and Houston found that the average \u201cmargin of error\u201d was plus or minus 28 points for a New York City teacher.<\/p>\n
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Step 3:\u00a0Plagiarize\u00a0any portion of the original text by\u00a0paraphrasing its structure too closely,\u00a0with a citation the original source\u00a0(using any academic citation style).<\/p>\n
Economist Sean Corcoran who studied the teacher evaluation systems in New York City and Houston found that the average \u201cmargin of error\u201d was plus or minus 28 points for a New York City teacher, which means that \u201ca teacher who has ranked at the 43rd percentile compared to his or her peers might actually be anywhere between the 15th percentile and the 71st percentile\u201d (Ravitch, 2011).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Step 4:\u00a0Properly paraphrase\u00a0any portion of the original text by restating the author\u2019s ideas in your own diction and style, and include a citation to the original source.<\/p>\n
As value-added assessments of teacher evaluation are prone to having large margins of error, it is not a reliable method of identifying the impact of individual teachers from year to year (Ravitch, 2011).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Step 5:\u00a0Properly paraphrase\u00a0any portion of the original text by restating the author\u2019s ideas in your own diction and style, supplemented with a\u00a0direct quotation of a key phrase,\u00a0and include a citation to the original source.<\/p>\n
As value-added assessments of teacher evaluation are prone to having large margins of error, it is not a reliable method of identifying the impact of individual teachers from year to year. An economist at the New York University, Sean Corcoran found when using such teacher evaluation systems that \u201cthe average \u2018margin of error\u2019 of a New York City teacher was plus or minus 28 points\u201d (Ravitch, 2011) and leads to teachers being ranked inaccurately.<\/p>\n
Works Cited:<\/p>\n
Diane Ravitch,\u00a0The Death and Life of the Great American School System(New York: Basic Books, 2011), pp. 270-71.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Step 1:\u00a0Plagiarize\u00a0any portion of the original text by\u00a0copying\u00a0portions of it word-for-word. Attempts to isolate the individual effects of a teacher through their students\u2019 test scores are alarmingly error prone. The value-added scores also fluctuate between years. A teacher who gets a particular ranking in year one is likely to get a different ranking the next … Continue reading Avoiding Plagiarism<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":731,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[60],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5328"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/731"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5328"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5338,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5328\/revisions\/5338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/edreform\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}