{"id":221,"date":"2014-01-07T20:02:32","date_gmt":"2014-01-07T20:02:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/?p=221"},"modified":"2014-01-09T00:01:28","modified_gmt":"2014-01-09T00:01:28","slug":"221","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/2014\/01\/07\/221\/","title":{"rendered":"Race and Science, Nationalism and Globalization – by MS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Unequal Development<\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

In the eighteenth century was the first attempt to utilize race as a scientific concept. A French anatomist Cuvier started this in 1817 and he divided the races into three subspecies Caucasians, Mongolians and Ethiopians.\u00a0 All this make different races start being more superior to others. Cuvier states \u201c whites had gained dominion over the world and made the most rapid progress in science. \u2018Yellows\u2019 were less advanced, and blacks degraded\u201d. So race was used as a taxon. To spread the ideology they used novels and people who were notable.<\/p>\n

Early Social Science<\/span><\/b>:<\/p>\n

The ecological theory developed by Robert E. Park in Chicago maintained that migration brought distinctive people into contact; competition made them conscious of what distinguished them, and those in a superior status developed prejudice as a defensive reaction.<\/p>\n

\n

Reaction:<\/strong> Competition creates racial tension and this is why we see migrant people face difficulties when they migrate to a new country. How can science be the way of breaking down races to describe which is better than the next?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

The Freudian theory maintained that social life build up frustration which individuals released on to scapegoats in the form of displaced aggression; this added to the direct aggression that sprang from the conflict of interests.<\/p>\n

\n

Reaction:<\/strong> this is why racial tensions occur because the ones who are doing the blaming are normally the ones who are at fault and they blame others to get off easier. An example is the War in Iraq saying they had weapons of mass destruction but we have yet to find any such evidence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Recent Social Science<\/span><\/b>:<\/p>\n

The racial discrimination problematic hold that the attitudes and behavior that in popular speech are called racial are to be explained in the same terms as other forms of attitude. Outward differences like those which are called racial, may be used to identify persons as belonging to particular social categories.<\/p>\n

Reaction:<\/strong> This is interesting because you are viewed by others just on how you look and they then categorize you. This makes certain races opportunities harder than others. This brings to mind the inequality in pay, job opportunities between African American and White.<\/p>\n

Page 5& 6& 7 very important.<\/p>\n

Sport and Race<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

This enables the people who feel they have no other way of explaining themselves to find a way to do so.<\/p>\n

Nationalism<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

This helps these individuals to favor a particular group this is their way of race-retaliation.<\/p>\n

Mapping the Global Football Field<\/span><\/b>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Given this global status, we contend that football is a potent and increasingly significant catalyst of globalization. By way of definition, we understand globalization to refer to intensified kinds and levels of global connectivity, and to the growing social consciousness of the world as a single place. The World Cup finals illustrate these processes very strikingly, through the global range and scale of the competing teams and television audiences, and by the universalistic messages that envelope the tournament. The World Cup also exemplifies our conception of \u2018transnationalism\u2019, which registers the processes through which individuals and groups are interwoven and interconnected across diverse geo-political terrains. For example, over 800 qualification matches are played across every continent over a three-year period in order to determine the 32 final teams.4 Thus, given these global and transnational reverberations, social scientists have turned to scrutinize in greater detail football and sport in general. (page 217).<\/p>\n

The more extensive neo-mercantilist policies are pursued by leading national football systems which seek to capture industries, incomes and imaginations in both national and foreign markets \u2013 for example, as the English Premier League markets itself assiduously throughout the UK and across the world. (Page 222)<\/p>\n

-talks also about \u201cdraw drain\u201d of talent from South America and Africa into Europe.<\/p>\n

Questions:<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. How can one person like be so instrumental when it comes to how people view one another? Also how can people go along with the ideology?<\/li>\n
  2. Does race have anything to do with the make up of soccer clubs and how they recruit?<\/li>\n
  3. Was the creation of the World Cup a way to break down racial tension between ethnicities?<\/li>\n
  4. \u00a0Could we also talk about the four quadrants a little more?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Unequal Development: In the eighteenth century was the first attempt to utilize race as a scientific concept. A French anatomist Cuvier started this in 1817 and he divided the races into three subspecies Caucasians, Mongolians and Ethiopians.\u00a0 All this make different races start being more superior to others. Cuvier states \u201c whites had gained dominion […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":714,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,18,44,43,46],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/221"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/714"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=221"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/221\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":432,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/221\/revisions\/432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}