{"id":295,"date":"2014-01-08T01:03:25","date_gmt":"2014-01-08T01:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/?p=295"},"modified":"2014-01-08T15:41:12","modified_gmt":"2014-01-08T15:41:12","slug":"basic-definitions-pcq-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/2014\/01\/08\/basic-definitions-pcq-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Definitions PCQ"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/span>\u201cTheories of Race:\u201d<\/h3>\n

Michael Banton runs through the evolution of the idea of Race, ultimately saying that Race is an antiquated idea.\u00a0 The European world began to try to document the world and their place in it, which brought about scientific racism, or the promoting of the white \u201crace\u201d over the different kinds.\u00a0 This continued through the Darwin times and started to change in the early 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Early social science began saying the racism was learning in the 1920s and now is less of an overt problem, but is becoming more subtle thing.<\/p>\n

\u201cRace:\u201d<\/h3>\n

Mikaila and Lemonik set up a similar argument to Banton, but also add cultural context.\u00a0 They say that \u201cwhile people have always found ways to stratify and differentiate in-groups from out-groups, the concept of race emerged relatively recently in human history.\u201d (pg. 5) This is important with the context of the nation because nationalism often relied on a created alienation to rally around, which racism also accomplished.\u00a0 Another interesting quote is from W.I. Thomas, who said \u201cif people define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences.\u201d (pg. 6)\u00a0 This quote can also relate to the idea of the nation and culture and can be used to reflect either the building of the national identity, with or without racism.\u00a0 This also reflects an understanding the situation of having multiple nations within one country, like the Vasques or Catalans in Spain.<\/p>\n

\u201cSport and Race:\u201d<\/h3>\n

Carrington gives a great short summary of race, saying \u201c\u2026 racial distinctions are based on arbitrarily chosen physical features, such as skin color and hair texture, that are used to demarcate people into groups.\u00a0 Thus, \u201crace\u201d is a complex system of representation learned through socialization, and then acted upon as if these distinctions were \u2018real.\u2019\u201d (pg. 9) This is a quick and easy definition of race.\u00a0 Carringtons notes that sports are often used as forms of political resistance, like how Barcelona became the cultural center for Catalans and their team became more than just a soccer team when they were under the regime of Franco.<\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cNation and Nationalism:\u201d<\/h3>\n

Miller gives a great summary of the ideas between nation and nationalism. The \u201cimagined communities\u201d article is a really fascinating idea. Ultimately, the interesting things are in the problems with nationality.\u00a0 Miller says, \u201cWhat are we to say about groups such as the Basques, the Qu\u00e9becois and the Scots, who appear to identify with larger nations but also have distinct identities of their own.\u201d (pg. 18)\u00a0 How does this play into sports?\u00a0 The Spanish national team has players from the different regions of Spain and most of the northern regions want more freedom from the central government.\u00a0 What significance do people put into the players and how does their resistance play into the political game of resistance?<\/p>\n

\u201cNation-State and Nationalism:\u201d<\/h3>\n

Cox walks through the different definitions of the nation-state and nationalism and lists 5 solutions.\u00a0 Ultimately, Benedict Andersons \u201cimagined communities\u201d argument works best. Cox also has criticism of this argument, but it doesn\u2019t necessarily hold up.\u00a0 He says, \u201cAnderson\u2019s emphasis on imagination has been criticized for dissolving the nation into a chimera that is no more than the sum of its cultural representations.\u201d (pg. 25)\u00a0 Isn\u2019t the nation able to get around this and use the idea imagined communities for their benefit?\u00a0 The ideological power of nationalism has the ability to play of these imagined communities and use it to \u201cother\u201d something for the nation to rally around and isn\u2019t necessarily a criticism of Anderson\u2019s argument.<\/p>\n

\u201cNationalism and Sport:\u201d<\/h3>\n

While sports and nationalism have been tied together for a long time, like with mountaineering before and during World War I, Bairner argues that this is changing.\u00a0 He says that many people have \u201cninety-minute patriotism\u201d and cultural nationalism, rather than a full commitment towards their particular region, if it is different from the larger nation.\u00a0 This argument seems to make sense, although I\u2019m not sure if I agree with it when you compare what the GAA originally did for the Irish, which was to help have Ireland get its own national team.<\/p>\n

\u201cMapping the global football field:\u201d<\/h3>\n

Guilianotti and Robertson use soccer as a means of describing globalism and how it is affecting the world today.\u00a0 They list many benefits that the sport has brought to the global stage and also some of the problems.\u00a0 The support of \u201c\u2026national government organizations, international government organizations, non-governmental international organizations and transnational corporations\u201d have added many benefits, despite struggling with the problems of capitalism.\u00a0 They all ultimately have \u201c\u2026 a corresponding set of specific collective interests, ideologies, and social, political, and economic policies.\u201d (Guilianotti and Robertson, 217)\u00a0 While they point out problems, like the club versus country debate, problems with merchandizing and selling the brands of organizations, ultimately soccer has been an advantageous place.\u00a0 This can be seen through their example of England when black players resisted racist abuse, or with the large club involvement with charities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u201cTheories of Race:\u201d Michael Banton runs through the evolution of the idea of Race, ultimately saying that Race is an antiquated idea.\u00a0 The European world began to try to document the world and their place in it, which brought about scientific racism, or the promoting of the white \u201crace\u201d over the different kinds.\u00a0 This continued […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":713,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/295"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/713"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=295"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/295\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":365,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/295\/revisions\/365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/sportshistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}