{"id":292,"date":"2010-08-16T17:38:02","date_gmt":"2010-08-16T17:38:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/2010\/08\/16\/en-garde\/"},"modified":"2015-08-11T18:57:18","modified_gmt":"2015-08-11T18:57:18","slug":"en-garde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/2010\/08\/16\/en-garde\/","title":{"rendered":"En Garde!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A tract forbidding dueling in early 17<sup>th<\/sup> century England<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/files\/2010\/08\/DUEL.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-4\" src=\"http:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/files\/2010\/08\/DUEL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"184\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>A publication of His Majestie\u2019s Edict, and severe censure against private combats and combatants.<\/em>\u00a0 (London, 1613).\u00a0 This tract of over 100 pages was issued with a proclamation forbidding duels, explaining the measures King James I of England (1566-1625) was prepared to take in suppressing them.\u00a0 It was likely written by Henry Howard (1540-1614), Earl of Northampton, even though it appears under the royal arms, and King James put his name to it in later collections.\u00a0 According to the 1911 <em>Dictionary of National Biography<\/em>, \u201cNorthampton took an active part in political business, and exhibited in all his actions a stupendous want of principle\u201d (how those old Brit academics could turn a phrase!).\u00a0 During Elizabeth\u2019s reign Howard barely escaped treason and conspiracy charges several times, having been suspected of colluding with Mary in Scotland, or with his brother Thomas Howard (fourth Duke of Norfolk, who attempted to wed Queen Mary, and was eventually executed).\u00a0 Both brothers were tutored early on by John Foxe, the martyrologist (the Watkinson also has Foxe\u2019s works in editions dating from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries).<\/p>\n<p>According to V. G. Kiernan\u2019s <em>The Duel in European History<\/em>, \u201cIn James I\u2019s reign there was a marked vogue of martial manners and pursuits, and with them the duel: the word appears to have first found its way into print, in place of \u2018duello,\u2019 in 1611 (for long it was often spelled \u2018dual,\u2019 as an affair of two men) . . . after 1604 when the war with Spain petered out, England entered on a long period of inglorious peace broken by a few ingorious attempts at war; a hot-blooded generation grew up on the stories of its gallant forefathers\u2019 exploits, and may well have pined, like young Frenchmen after 1815 or young Germans after 1870, for chances to show its own mettle.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A tract forbidding dueling in early 17th century England A publication of His Majestie\u2019s Edict, and severe censure against private combats and combatants.\u00a0 (London, 1613).\u00a0 This tract of over 100 pages was issued with a proclamation forbidding duels, explaining the measures King James I of England (1566-1625) was prepared to take in suppressing them.\u00a0 It [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":122,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/122"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=292"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1951,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/292\/revisions\/1951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.trincoll.edu\/watkinson\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}