“Failing to prepare is preparing to fail.” – John Wooden

Original Text:

“The value-added scores also fluctuate between years. A teacher who gets a particular ranking in year one is likely to get a different ranking the next year.”

Original Source:

Original source: Diane Ravitch, The Death and Life of the Great American School System. New York: Basic Books, 2011, pp. 270-71.

Example 1: Plagiarize the original text by copying portions of it word-for-word.

Example 1: The value-added scores also fluctuate between years. A teacher who gets a particular ranking in year one is likely to get a different ranking the next year.

Example 2: Plagiarize the original text by paraphrasing its structure too closely, without copying it word-for-word.

Example 2: These value-added scores also fluctuate throughout the years. If an educator’s students get particular scores one year, these students are likely to get a different ranking the year after.

Example 3: Plagiarize the original text by paraphrasing its structure too closely, and include a citation. Even though you cited it, paraphrasing too closely is still plagiarism.

Example 3: These value-added scores also fluctuate throughout the years. If an educator’s students get particular scores one year, these students are likely to get a different ranking the year after. [1]

Example 4: Properly paraphrase from the original text by restating the author’s ideas in different words and phrases, and include a citation to the original source.

Example 4: Ravitch notes that, even though these scores are curved and inflated, there is still oscillation with each new class. Similarly, teacher’s success rates will not necessarily be as elevated with each class he/she instructs. [1]

Example 5: Properly paraphrase from the original text by restating the author’s ideas in different words and phrases, add a direct quote, and include a citation to the original source.

Example 5: Ravitch notes that, even though these scores are curved and inflated, there is still oscillation with each new class. Essentially, these scores will naturally “fluctuate between years” (Ravitch, 271). Similarly, teacher’s success rates will not necessarily be as elevated with each class he/she instructs.[1]

[1] Diane Ravitch, The Death and Life of the Great American School System. New York: Basic Books, 2011, pp. 270-71.